Effects of ocular fixation on perrotatory nystagmus in damped pendular rotation test

Effects of ocular fixation on pendular rotation nystagmus were investigated in 65 patients. There were 25 with peripheral vestibular or vestibulo-cochlear disorders, 17 with central vestibular disorders, five with congenital nystagmus, 16 patients over 60 years old with vertigo in whom peripheral vestibular disorders were ruled out, however, the causes were unknown. Damped pendular rotation test (DPRT) was performed both under darkness and employing mental arithmetic and under ocular fixation. These findings were related to those of caloric vestibular suppression test (VST) by Takemori and those of optokinetic pattern test (OKP), eye tracking test (ETT), and spontaneous nystagmus. Thirteen of 17 patients with central vestibular disorders and five with congenital nystagmus showed loss of visual suppression during ocular fixation in DPRT, whereas in cases of peripheral lesions, visual suppression was observed. Loss of visual suppression during ocular fixation in DPRT was often seen in cases of brainstem and cerebellar lesions. In brainstem lesions, perrotatory nystagmus was evoked during ocular fixation, whereas no nystagmus was seen in darkness with eyes open. In cerebellar lesions, perrotatory nystagmus was partly suppressed or decreased during ocular fixation. Relationships between the direction of the visual suppression during ocular fixation in DPRT and the side of the lesion were not apparent. Ocular fixation test in DPRT has a diagnostic value not only for central lesions, but for differentiating brainstem lesion from cerebellar lesion with the findings in DPRT under darkness. The findings under ocular fixation in DPRT are closely related to those of VST in cases of caloric nystagmus.