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Vertebral Column: Regions and Curvature01:16

Vertebral Column: Regions and Curvature

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The vertebral column or spine is a flexible column that supports the head, neck, and body and  allows for their movements. It also protects the spinal cord.
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In an adult, the spine is subdivided into five regions: the cervical, the thoracic, the lumbar, the sacral, and the coccygeal region. The spine initially develops as a series of 33 vertebrae; after 20 years of age, the nine bones in the sacral region, five sacral, and four coccygeal bones fuse to form...
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General Structure of a Vertebra01:30

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A typical vertebra, with the exception of the sacrum and coccyx, consists of a body, a vertebral arch, and seven different projections termed processes. The anterior portion of the vertebrae, the body, supports about half the body’s weight. The vertebral bodies progressively increase in size and thickness from the cervical region to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. The intervertebral discs present between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae firmly unites them, forming a continuous...
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Articulations of the Vertebral Column01:28

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In addition to being held together by the intervertebral discs, adjacent vertebrae also articulate with each other at synovial joints formed between the superior and inferior articular processes called zygapophysial joints (facet joints). These are plane joints that provide for only limited motions between the vertebrae. The orientation of the articular processes at these joints varies in different regions of the vertebral column and serves to determine the types of motions available in each...
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Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

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The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
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Nondisjunction01:21

Nondisjunction

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Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers.  Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis.  Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold...
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[Costovertebral dysplasia]

M D Vergara, V Richardson Corral, G Moreno Arenas

    Boletin Medico Del Hospital Infantil De Mexico
    |July 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Costovertebral dysplasia causes trunk dwarfism with rib and spine issues, impacting organs and breathing. It presents as a severe newborn form or a milder dominant type.

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    Area of Science:

    • Medical Genetics
    • Skeletal Dysplasias
    • Pediatric Orthopedics

    Background:

    • Costovertebral dysplasia is a rare skeletal disorder.
    • It is characterized by significant trunkal shortening and dysmorphism.

    Observation:

    • Patients exhibit characteristic anomalies of the ribs and vertebrae.
    • These skeletal abnormalities lead to the displacement of thoracic and abdominal organs.
    • Reduced pulmonary function is a common consequence.

    Findings:

    • Two main forms exist: a severe recessive type presenting in newborns and a rare, more benign dominant form.
    • The recessive form is associated with severe manifestations from birth.

    Implications:

    • Understanding the genetic basis (recessive vs. dominant) is crucial for diagnosis and prognosis.
    • Management strategies should address organ displacement and respiratory compromise.
    • Further research into the specific genetic mutations can inform therapeutic approaches.