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Catamenial pneumothorax in sisters

J M Hinson, K L Brigham, J Daniell

    Chest
    |November 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study reports a rare familial case of catamenial pneumothorax in two sisters with endometriosis. Hormonal suppression and surgery were explored as treatment options for this unique condition.

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    Area of Science:

    • Gynecology
    • Pulmonology
    • Medical Genetics

    Background:

    • Catamenial pneumothorax is a rare condition associated with menstruation, typically affecting the right lung.
    • Pelvic endometriosis is a known risk factor for catamenial pneumothorax.
    • Most cases present in the fourth decade with symptoms occurring during menses.

    Observation:

    • Two sisters presented with documented pelvic endometriosis and recurrent catamenial pneumothoraxes.
    • Both patients exhibited typical features: right-sided pneumothorax, occurring exclusively during menses, with onset in their fourth decade.
    • This familial occurrence is distinct from previously reported cases.

    Findings:

    • One sister remained asymptomatic for 11 months with hormonal suppression but later required surgery revealing diaphragmatic perforations.
    • The other sister experienced no pneumothoraxes while undergoing menstrual suppression with isoxazole ethisterone.
    • The familial nature of these catamenial pneumothorax cases is unprecedented in existing literature.

    Implications:

    • This case highlights the potential genetic component and familial predisposition to catamenial pneumothorax.
    • It underscores the importance of considering endometriosis in patients with recurrent pneumothorax, especially in a familial context.
    • Further research into the genetic and hormonal underpinnings of this rare condition is warranted.

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