Nondetection of infectious hepatitis B virus in a human hepatoma cell line producing hepatitis B surface antigen

The PLC/PRF/5 human hepatoma cell line producing hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was studied to determine whether infectious hepatitis B virus (HBV) was also being produced. 2 chimpanzees with no previous exposure to HBV and no serologic markers of past or active HBV infection were inoculated intravenously with 50 ml of either tissue culture supernatant fluid (357 ng/ml HBsAg) or a suspension of cells disrupted by repeated freeze-thaw cycles (57 ng/ml HBsAg). No evidence of HBV infection was detected in either chimpanzee during 6 months of evaluation. This study suggests that the expression of a portion of the HBV genome, when a portion or all of that genome has been incorporated into a host cell, can result in the production of HBsAg without infectious HBV. If it becomes possible to produce a similar expression of this portion of the genome by itself in nonmalignant cells, HBsAg without HBV may be produced in vitro for use in hepatitis B vaccines.