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Left ventricular function in marathon runners: echocardiographic assessment

W Paulsen, D R Boughner, P Ko

    Journal of Applied Physiology: Respiratory, Environmental and Exercise Physiology
    |October 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    Chronic isotonic exercise in male marathon runners leads to lower resting and exercise heart rates and pressure-rate products. Echocardiography revealed reduced left ventricular fiber shortening velocity, but this was linked to lower pressure-rate product, not impaired myocardial contractility.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cardiology
    • Exercise Physiology
    • Sports Medicine

    Background:

    • Chronic isotonic exercise, such as marathon running, significantly impacts cardiovascular adaptations.
    • Understanding cardiac alterations in endurance athletes is crucial for interpreting physiological responses.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess echocardiographically cardiac alterations in active male marathon runners compared to sedentary controls.
    • To investigate the relationship between exercise-induced cardiac changes and myocardial contractility.

    Main Methods:

    • Echocardiography was used to evaluate cardiac function in 8 male marathon runners and 10 sedentary male controls.
    • Measurements included heart rate, pressure-rate product, and left ventricular peak velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (V cf) at rest and during submaximal exercise.

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    Main Results:

    • Runners exhibited significantly higher aerobic capacity, lower resting heart rate, and lower pressure-rate product compared to controls.
    • Left ventricular peak V cf was reduced in runners at rest and during exercise.
    • The reduction in V cf was directly correlated with the lower pressure-rate product, indicating no intrinsic decrease in myocardial contractility.

    Conclusions:

    • Marathon running induces cardiac adaptations characterized by lower heart rates and pressure-rate products.
    • Reduced left ventricular V cf in runners is a consequence of altered loading conditions (lower pressure-rate product), not diminished myocardial contractility.