Expression of the mRNA coding for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

Insights

Researchers studied glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) mRNA during chicken embryonic development. They found a single, highly similar mRNA species for GAPDH subunits across various tissues, indicating conserved structure.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Expression

Background:

  • Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a crucial enzyme in glycolysis.
  • Understanding GAPDH gene expression is vital for studying cellular metabolism and development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression patterns of mRNA coding for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) during chicken embryonic development.
  • To determine the number and structural characteristics of GAPDH mRNA species in different chicken tissues.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro translation of RNA.
  • RNA blotting and hybridization techniques.
  • Analysis of electrophoretic mobilities of mRNA species.

Main Results:

  • A single mRNA species coding for a GAPDH subunit was detected in each examined tissue.
  • These mRNA species exhibited identical electrophoretic mobilities across different tissues.
  • The findings suggest structural similarity, if not identity, among GAPDH mRNA species.

Conclusions:

  • Chicken embryonic development involves a conserved expression of a single type of GAPDH mRNA.
  • The structural homogeneity of GAPDH mRNA across tissues implies a conserved functional role during development.

Related Concept Videos

Energy-requiring Steps of Glycolysis01:20

Energy-requiring Steps of Glycolysis

Glucose is the source of nearly all energy used by organisms. The first step of converting glucose into usable energy is called glycolysis. Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol of the cell over two phases: an energy-requiring phase and an energy-releasing phase. Over the first three steps, glucose is converted into different forms and attached to two phosphate groups donated by two ATP molecules, resulting in an unstable sugar. In the next two stages, the unstable sugar splits into two sugar...
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
Glycolysis: Preparatory Phase01:21

Glycolysis: Preparatory Phase

In cellular metabolism (the complete breakdown of glucose to extract energy),  glycolysis is the first step. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Glucose enters heterotrophic cells in two ways. One method is through secondary active transport, where the transport takes place against the glucose concentration gradient. The other mechanism uses a group of integral proteins called GLUT proteins, also known as glucose transporter proteins. These...
Glycolysis: Pay-off Phase01:25

Glycolysis: Pay-off Phase

So far, glycolysis has cost the cell two ATP molecules and produced two small, three-carbon sugar molecules. These molecules will proceed through the second half of the pathway, and sufficient energy will be extracted to pay back the two ATP molecules used as an initial investment and produce a profit for the cell of two additional ATP molecules and two even higher-energy NADH molecules.
Step 1 - 5: Glycolysis Preparatory Phase
The first phase of glycolysis has 5 steps where the glucose is...
Glycolysis01:23

Glycolysis

Glycolysis, the Embden-Meyerhof pathway, is a central metabolic pathway involved in glucose catabolism. It is highly conserved across most organisms, reflecting its fundamental role in cellular energy production. This process occurs in the cytoplasm and can function both in the presence and absence of oxygen, making it versatile for various organisms and environmental conditions.Stages of GlycolysisGlycolysis is a ten-step pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, generating a net gain of...
Other Glycolytic Pathways01:24

Other Glycolytic Pathways

The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) operates in parallel with glycolysis, facilitating the metabolism of both pentoses and glucose. This pathway consists of two distinct phases: the oxidative and non-oxidative phases. While it does not directly generate ATP, the intermediates formed during the process can integrate into glycolysis, contributing to cellular energy metabolism when required.Oxidative Phase: NADPH ProductionThe oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway is primarily...