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Circadian rhythms in hypertension

M W Millar-Craig, S Mann, V Balasubramanian

    Scottish Medical Journal
    |October 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Ambulatory hypertension shows daily blood pressure and heart rate rhythms, peaking in the morning. Oxprenolol treatment lowered daytime blood pressure but not overnight levels.

    Area of Science:

    • Cardiology
    • Chronobiology

    Background:

    • Ambulatory hypertension requires understanding daily blood pressure variations.
    • Circadian rhythms significantly influence cardiovascular parameters.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the circadian patterns of blood pressure and heart rate in untreated hypertensive patients.
    • To assess the impact of oxprenolol on these daily variations.

    Main Methods:

    • Continuous intra-arterial blood pressure monitoring in 37 untreated ambulatory hypertensive subjects.
    • Hourly data analysis to identify circadian variations.
    • Evaluation of oxprenolol's effect in 10 patients.

    Main Results:

    • Blood pressure and heart rate exhibited circadian rhythms, highest in the morning and lowest during sleep.

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  • A pre-awakening rise in blood pressure, but not heart rate, was observed.
  • Both parameters increased shortly after waking.
  • Oxprenolol reduced daytime blood pressure but had minimal effect during nighttime and early morning.

    • Conclusions:

    • Untreated ambulatory hypertension displays distinct circadian patterns.
    • Oxprenolol demonstrates efficacy in reducing daytime blood pressure, with limited nocturnal impact.