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Evaluation of macrocrania using computed tomography

American Journal of Diseases of Children (1960)

|December 1, 1981

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Computed tomographic scans in 72 children revealed hydrocephalus in 75%. Communicating hydrocephalus offered the best prognosis, while cystic brain diseases indicated a poor outlook for other hydrocephalus types.

Area of Science:

Pediatric Neurology
Neuroradiology

Background:

Macrocephaly (large head) in infants and children can be caused by various conditions.
Hydrocephalus, an excess of cerebrospinal fluid, is a common cause of macrocephaly.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the causes and prognoses of macrocephaly in pediatric patients.
To differentiate outcomes based on hydrocephalus type and associated brain abnormalities.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of computed tomographic (CT) scans.
Inclusion of 72 consecutive infants and children referred for macrocephaly.
Categorization of patients based on diagnosis (hydrocephalus, nonhydrocephalic causes) and specific brain conditions.

Main Results:

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75% of patients presented with hydrocephalus.

Communicating hydrocephalus showed the best prognosis.

Poor prognosis was observed in hydrocephalus with cystic brain diseases like porencephaly, multicystic disease, and hydranencephaly.

Nonhydrocephalic macrocephaly was primarily seen in premature infants with catch-up growth and those with primary megaloencephaly and abnormal neurological development.

Conclusions:

The type of hydrocephalus significantly impacts prognosis in pediatric macrocephaly.
Cystic brain diseases are associated with poor outcomes in hydrocephalic patients.
Nonhydrocephalic macrocephaly has distinct etiologies including developmental factors.