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Risk factors for staphylococcal toxic-shock syndrome
American Journal of Epidemiology
|December 1, 1981
Summary
Toxic-shock syndrome (TSS) outbreaks were linked to tampon use, particularly a specific brand, in menstrual-age women. This study identified tampons as a significant risk factor for TSS.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Toxic-shock syndrome (TSS) is a serious, potentially fatal condition.
- An increase in TSS cases was observed among menstruating women.
- Understanding risk factors is crucial for prevention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the epidemiology of toxic-shock syndrome in Utah.
- To identify risk factors associated with TSS in menstrual-age women.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study was conducted.
- Data collected from 52 reported TSS cases and 91 neighborhood controls.
- Statistical analysis included calculating attack rates and relative risks (RR).
Main Results:
- The annual TSS attack rate was 14.4 per 100,000 women aged 12-49.
- Tampon use, especially a specific brand (Rely), significantly increased TSS risk (RR = 6.11).
- Sexual activity was inversely associated with TSS risk (RR = 0.277).
Conclusions:
- Tampons, and a specific brand, are identified as significant risk factors for TSS.
- Further research into tampon safety and TSS etiology is warranted.
- Public health interventions should address tampon use and TSS awareness.