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Alkaline phosphatase from human thyroid

D C Kilpatrick, P M Crofton

    Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry
    |December 24, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

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    Human thyroid tissue contains alkaline phosphatase, an enzyme similar to the liver form. This membrane-bound enzyme has a distinct molecular structure, suggesting it may be a unique variant within the liver/bone/kidney isoenzyme group.

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Enzymology
    • Molecular Biology

    Background:

    • Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a crucial enzyme with various isoforms found in different human tissues.
    • The specific role and characteristics of ALP in the human thyroid gland have not been extensively elucidated.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To characterize the biochemical and molecular properties of alkaline phosphatase present in human thyroid homogenate.
    • To determine the isoenzyme classification and potential distinct molecular form of thyroid alkaline phosphatase.

    Main Methods:

    • Extraction of membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase using non-ionic detergent or butanol.
    • Electrophoresis, Ouchterlony double diffusion assays, heat stability tests, gel filtration, and gradient gel electrophoresis were employed.
    • Enzyme activity assays were performed under varying conditions (pH, presence of magnesium) and with specific inhibitors.

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    Main Results:

    • Alkaline phosphatase activity was detected in human thyroid homogenate.
    • The enzyme is a membrane-bound sialoglycoprotein, exhibiting properties similar to liver alkaline phosphatase in electrophoresis and immunological reactions.
    • Molecular weight was estimated around 300,000-320,000 Da, with optimal activity at pH 10.5 and requiring magnesium.

    Conclusions:

    • Human thyroid alkaline phosphatase belongs to the liver/bone/kidney isoenzyme group.
    • Despite similarities, it may represent a molecularly distinct form compared to other characterized alkaline phosphatases.