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Growth of adipose tissue in infants, children and adolescents: variations in growth disorders

F Ginsberg-Fellner

    International Journal of Obesity
    |January 1, 1981
    PubMed

    Insights

    Growth hormone and insulin significantly impact adipose tissue mass in children. Genetic factors and the in-utero environment also play crucial roles in determining body weight and fat cell development.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Endocrinology
    • Adipose Tissue Biology
    • Metabolic Health

    Background:

    • Adipose tissue growth is crucial for overall health and metabolic regulation in children.
    • Understanding the determinants of adipose tissue mass is essential for addressing childhood obesity.
    • Factors influencing adipocyte number and size require further investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify key factors influencing the growth of adipose tissue in children.
    • To explore the roles of hormones, genetics, and environmental factors in adipose tissue development.

    Main Methods:

    • Comparative study of four distinct pediatric groups: infants of diabetic mothers, children with growth hormone deficiency, Prader-Willi syndrome patients, and identical twins.
    • Assessment of adipocyte number and size in relation to hormonal levels (insulin, growth hormone), genetic factors, and birth weight.
    • Longitudinal observation of growth patterns and body composition.

    Main Results:

    • Infants of gestational diabetic mothers showed increased fat cell numbers early in life, associated with hyperinsulinemia and obesity.
    • Growth hormone therapy increased adipose cell numbers in children with growth hormone deficiency.
    • Prader-Willi syndrome patients gained weight primarily through increased fat cell size.
    • Identical twins with similar birth weights maintained similar adipocyte numbers, while discordant twins showed differences.

    Conclusions:

    • Growth hormone and insulin are significant determinants of human adipose tissue mass.
    • Genetic factors, potentially influenced by the in-utero environment, also play a critical role.
    • These findings provide insights into the complex regulation of body fat during childhood.

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