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Steatorrhea during aflatoxicosis in chickens

D J Osborne, P B Hamilton

    Poultry Science
    |July 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    Dietary aflatoxin significantly increases fecal lipid excretion and causes steatorrhea in broiler chickens by impairing lipid digestion. This occurs even at levels that do not inhibit growth, affecting pancreatic lipase and bile concentration.

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    Area of Science:

    • Animal Science
    • Toxicology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Aflatoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus fungi.
    • Poultry are susceptible to aflatoxicosis, impacting various physiological processes.
    • Lipid metabolism and digestion are crucial for broiler chicken growth and health.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of graded dietary aflatoxin levels on lipid excretion in broiler chickens.
    • To determine the impact of aflatoxin on key digestive enzymes and bile concentration.
    • To elucidate the mechanism of aflatoxin-induced lipid malabsorption.

    Main Methods:

    • Broiler chickens were fed diets containing varying concentrations of aflatoxin (0 to 10 µg/g).
    • Fecal lipid excretion, growth rate, pancreatic lipase activity, and bile concentration were measured.
    • A pair-feeding technique was employed to assess the role of diet composition.

    Main Results:

    • Aflatoxin significantly increased fecal lipid excretion starting at 1.25 µg/g.
    • Growth rate was reduced only at aflatoxin levels of 2.5 µg/g and higher.
    • Pancreatic lipase activity and bile concentration were significantly decreased by aflatoxin exposure.
    • Increased bladder size was observed at growth-inhibitory aflatoxin levels.

    Conclusions:

    • Dietary aflatoxin induces steatorrhea in broiler chickens, indicative of a lipid malabsorption syndrome.
    • Impaired lipid digestion due to reduced pancreatic lipase and bile concentration is a primary mechanism.
    • Aflatoxicosis affects lipid metabolism even at sub-growth inhibitory doses.

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