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Psychotic controls in schizophrenia research

B A Ritzler, K Rinehart

    Schizophrenia Bulletin
    |January 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers surveyed 478 articles on schizophrenia, finding that only 11% adequately controlled for psychosis. This highlights a critical gap in schizophrenia research methodology.

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    Area of Science:

    • Psychiatry
    • Psychology
    • Clinical Research Methodology

    Background:

    • Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder and a form of psychosis.
    • Effective schizophrenia research necessitates controlling for the broader psychotic factor.
    • Previous research has varied in its methodological rigor regarding control groups.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the frequency of psychosis controls in schizophrenia research published between 1970-1979.
    • To assess trends in the use of different types of control groups in schizophrenia studies.
    • To advocate for improved methodological standards in schizophrenia research.

    Main Methods:

    • A systematic survey of 478 articles from 15 major psychiatric and psychological journals.
    • Analysis of articles published over a 10-year period (1970-1979).
    • Categorization of control groups used: psychosis controls, nonpsychotic psychiatric controls, and nonpsychiatric controls.

    Main Results:

    • Only 11% of surveyed articles included controls for psychosis.
    • Nonpsychiatric controls (e.g., healthy individuals) were used in 73% of studies.
    • Nonpsychotic psychiatric controls were employed in 38% of studies.
    • A slight increase in psychosis controls was observed towards the end of the decade, often using nonpsychotic individuals with schizophrenia.

    Conclusions:

    • Schizophrenia research during 1970-1979 frequently lacked adequate controls for psychosis.
    • The use of nonpsychotic individuals with schizophrenia as controls emerged as an innovative approach.
    • There is a need for greater attention to psychosis controls by researchers and journal editors to enhance the validity of schizophrenia studies.

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