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Single dose gentamicin nephrotoxicity in the dog: early functional and ultrastructural changes
Research Communications in Chemical Pathology and Pharmacology
|September 1, 1981
Summary
A single dose of gentamicin antibiotic caused kidney damage in beagles, indicated by decreased renal function and specific cellular changes in the kidneys. Further research is needed to understand these novel toxicological findings.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Pharmacology
- Toxicology
Background:
- Aminoglycoside antibiotics like gentamicin are widely used but can cause kidney damage (nephrotoxicity).
- Early detection and understanding of gentamicin's effects on the kidneys are crucial for patient safety.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the nephrotoxic effects of a single moderate dose of gentamicin in beagles.
- To assess functional and morphological changes in the kidneys following gentamicin administration.
Main Methods:
- Four 5-month-old beagles received a single intravenous dose of gentamicin (15mg/kg).
- Renal function was assessed via creatinine, urea, phosphate, sodium, and potassium clearances before and after treatment.
- Hematology, urinalysis, and light and transmission electron microscopy of kidney tissues were performed.
Main Results:
- Renal clearances showed a tendency to decrease after gentamicin administration.
- Light microscopy revealed no significant renal lesions.
- Transmission electron microscopy identified increased cytosomes with myeloid figures (cytosegresomes) and novel proteinaceous vesicles in proximal tubule cells, characteristic of gentamicin nephrotoxicity.
Conclusions:
- A single moderate dose of gentamicin is nephrotoxic in beagles, evidenced by functional and morphological kidney alterations.
- The observed cytosegresomes are characteristic markers of gentamicin therapy.
- The newly identified proteinaceous vesicles may play a role in gentamicin-induced kidney damage, warranting further investigation.