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Bacterial and archaeal cells exhibit remarkable diversity in shape and structure, critical in their adaptability and functionality. Among bacteria, the most commonly observed shapes include cocci and bacilli. Cocci are spherical and may exist singly or in groupings such as pairs (diplococci), chains (streptococci), clusters (staphylococci), or tetrads. Bacilli, in contrast, are rod-shaped and can also occur as single cells, in pairs, or chains, depending on their environmental and genetic...
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Coryneform bacteria are gram-positive, aerobic, nonmotile rods that exhibit irregular, club-shaped, or V-shaped arrangements. Their V-shape results from snapping division, where the inner cell wall layer forms the cross-wall, while the outer layer remains intact until it ruptures on one side, causing the daughter cells to bend away.The primary genera are Corynebacterium and Arthrobacter. Corynebacterium includes diverse species, ranging from saprophytes to pathogens like Corynebacterium...
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Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria
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[Physiological characteristics of pneumococci]

I M Gruber, L G Zhdanova, Iu V Mokhov

    Zhurnal Mikrobiologii, Epidemiologii I Immunobiologii
    |December 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Pneumococci exhibit optimal physiological activity in liquid cultures at neutral pH and low dissolved oxygen. Adding carbon dioxide (CO2) enhances pneumococcal virulence and capsule formation.

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    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Bacteriology

    Background:

    • Pneumococci are significant human pathogens.
    • Understanding their physiological activity is crucial for developing effective treatments and vaccines.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of physico-chemical conditions on pneumococcal deep cultivation.
    • To identify optimal conditions for enhancing pneumococcal virulence and capsule expression.

    Main Methods:

    • Deep cultivation of pneumococci in a liquid culture medium.
    • Manipulation of pH, dissolved oxygen levels, and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration in the gas mixture.

    Main Results:

    • Maximum physiological activity observed at neutral pH (7.0).
    • Optimal activity correlated with minimum dissolved oxygen content.
    • Addition of 5-11% CO2 significantly improved cultivation outcomes.

    Conclusions:

    • Neutral pH and low oxygen are key for pneumococcal physiological activity.
    • CO2 enrichment is a promising strategy to enhance pneumococcal virulence and capsule formation in vitro.