Looking back: an analysis of reminiscence function and triggers

Area of Science:

• Psychology
• Gerontology

Background:

• Reminiscence, the act of recalling past experiences, is a significant aspect of aging.
• Previous theories proposed various functions and triggers for reminiscence, but empirical validation was limited.

Purpose of the Study:

• To empirically test hypothesized functions and triggers of reminiscence using validated scales.
• To investigate whether reminiscence functions can be predicted by specific triggers and subject variables in elderly individuals.

Main Methods:

• A survey instrument, including the Reminiscence Uses Scale and Reminiscence Triggers Scale, was administered to 91 elderly residents.
• Factor analysis was used to identify subscales for both reminiscence functions and triggers.
• Multiple regression analysis examined the predictive relationships between triggers and functions.

Main Results:

• Factor analysis of the Reminiscence Uses Scale yielded three subscales: Self-Regard/Image Enhancement, Present Problem Solving, and Existential/Self-Understanding.
• Factor analysis of the Reminiscence Triggers Scale identified five subscales: Death Awareness/Resignation, Death Awareness-Other, Realization of Goals/Accomplishments, Changes/Threats to body, and Change in Career/Life's Direction.
• Multiple regression revealed significant predictors for each reminiscence function, linking triggers like 'Realization of Goals/Accomplishments' to 'Self-Regard/Image Enhancement' and 'Death Awareness/Resignation' to 'Present Problem Solving.'

Conclusions:

• The findings provide empirical support for the construct validity of theoretical views on reminiscence in old age.
• The study supports a distinction between inter- and intrapersonal reminiscence.
• A relationship between contemporaneous experiences and memory recall in the elderly was suggested.