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Role of virus strain in conventional and enhanced measles plaque neutralization test
Abstract:
A low-passage Edmonston strain of measles virus gave on the average four-fold higher antibody titers than two high-passage strains of Edmonston virus when used in a virus plaque neutralization test. Heterologous anti-human immunoglobulin did not affect antibody titers obtained with the low-passage virus but enhanced antibody titers obtained with the high-passage viruses on the average eight-fold. These differences in virus sensitivity to neutralization and neutralization potentiation by anti-immunoglobulin were interpreted as being possibly due to differences in density or accessibility of the functional antigens of measles virus. The conventional plaque neutralization test utilizing the low-passage Edmonston virus was about 10 times more sensitive than the virus CPE-neutralization test, 60 times more sensitive than the measles hemagglutination-inhibition test and 220 times more sensitive than the measles complement-fixation antibody test.
Insights
A low-passage measles virus strain showed higher antibody titers in neutralization tests compared to high-passage strains. Differences in antigen accessibility may explain varied virus neutralization sensitivity.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
Background:
- Measles virus strains can exhibit different properties based on passage history.
- Understanding measles virus antigenicity is crucial for accurate serological testing.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the sensitivity of different measles virus strains in antibody detection.
- To investigate the influence of anti-immunoglobulin on measles virus neutralization.
Main Methods:
- Virus plaque neutralization test using low-passage and high-passage Edmonston measles virus strains.
- Assessment of antibody titers with and without heterologous anti-human immunoglobulin.
Main Results:
- Low-passage measles virus yielded four-fold higher antibody titers than high-passage strains.
- Anti-human immunoglobulin enhanced titers for high-passage viruses eight-fold, but not for low-passage virus.
- The plaque neutralization test with low-passage virus was significantly more sensitive than other serological assays.
Conclusions:
- Differences in measles virus antigen density or accessibility may affect neutralization.
- The plaque neutralization test with low-passage Edmonston strain is a highly sensitive method for measles antibody detection.