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Primary sleep apnoea syndrome

S Chokroverty, J T Sharp

    Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
    |November 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study investigated sleep apnoea syndrome in 18 men, finding central breathing control dysfunction. Apnoeic episodes caused oxygen desaturation and muscle hypotonia, suggesting a primary central nervous system origin.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Sleep Medicine
    • Respiratory Physiology

    Background:

    • Sleep apnoea syndrome is a prevalent condition characterized by recurrent breathing cessation during sleep.
    • Understanding the underlying mechanisms of different apnoea types is crucial for effective treatment.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the characteristics of central, obstructive, and mixed apnoeas in patients with sleep apnoea syndrome.
    • To explore the physiological consequences of apnoea episodes on muscle tone and autonomic function.
    • To determine the role of central respiratory control in the primary sleep apnoea syndrome.

    Main Methods:

    • Polygraphic recordings were performed on 18 male patients diagnosed with sleep apnoea syndrome.
    • Analysis included the duration and type of apnoea events (central, obstructive, mixed).

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  • Electromyography (EMG) of orofacial muscles and physiological parameters like oxygen saturation and heart rate were monitored.

    • Main Results:

    • Central apnoeas constituted 50% of total apnoea time, followed by obstructive (33%) and mixed (17%).
    • Apnoeic episodes were associated with significant oxygen desaturation, relative bradycardia, and hypotonia in orofacial muscles.
    • During normal breathing, these muscles exhibited tonic and phasic inspiratory EMG activity.

    Conclusions:

    • The findings indicate that the primary sleep apnoea syndrome may stem from a central respiratory control dysfunction.
    • Dysregulation of ponto-medullary neurons controlling orofacial muscles appears to be a key factor.
    • Further research into central respiratory control mechanisms is warranted for sleep apnoea management.