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Related Experiment Videos

Review: the Michigan cleft twin study

W S Hunter

    Journal of Craniofacial Genetics and Developmental Biology
    |January 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    Cleft lip and palate surgery minimally impacts facial structure, but palate repair affects maxilla and mandible growth. Growth deficits appear post-puberty in affected twins.

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    Area of Science:

    • Craniofacial development
    • Twin studies
    • Genetics and environment

    Background:

    • Cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) are common congenital conditions.
    • Surgical repair is standard but can influence craniofacial growth.
    • Understanding the long-term effects requires studying genetic and environmental factors.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze primary, contiguous, and pleiotropic effects of CLP and its surgical repair.
    • To assess craniofacial and growth impacts in twins discordant for CLP.
    • To differentiate effects based on cleft type (lip, palate, or both).

    Main Methods:

    • Cross-sectional twin study design.
    • Sample: 20 monozygotic (MZ) and 25 dizygotic (DZ) like-sexed twins, ages 4-17, discordant for clefting.
    • Analysis of findings from four previous studies (post-1975) on this twin cohort.

    Main Results:

    • Repaired cleft lip had minimal primary facial effects.
    • Repaired cleft palate (with or without lip cleft) showed posterior maxilla deficiency and posterior positioning.
    • Cleft palate twins exhibited larger cranial base angles, downward/backward mandibular rotation, and post-pubertal deficits in height and weight.

    Conclusions:

    • Palate repair significantly impacts maxillary and mandibular growth patterns.
    • Clefting has pleiotropic effects, including growth deficits, independent of primary surgical site.
    • Twin studies are valuable for disentangling genetic and environmental influences on CLP outcomes.

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