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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
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Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

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The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH...
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Seizures: Classification01:13

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Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
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Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...
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Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview01:24

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Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as...
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Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
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[Primary reading epilepsy: therapeutic efficacy of clonazepam in one case].

Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria·1990
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Author Spotlight: Obtaining High-Quality CSF and Blood Samples for Epilepsy Biomarker Discovery
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[Influence of menstruation on epilepsy]

L Marques-Assis

    Arquivos De Neuro-Psiquiatria
    |December 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    Menstruation influences epilepsy in nearly 22% of women, with seizures worsening before and during periods. However, monthly seizure patterns in women and men showed no significant difference, challenging a direct link to menstruation.

    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Gynecology
    • Epileptology

    Background:

    • Epilepsy affects a significant portion of the population, with potential cyclical patterns in seizure frequency.
    • The relationship between the menstrual cycle and seizure activity in women with epilepsy is a complex area of study.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the influence of menstruation on epileptic seizures in women of ovulatory age.
    • To compare seizure patterns in epileptic females with general epilepsy populations and age-matched males.

    Main Methods:

    • A cohort of 1,574 epileptic females (12-50 years) was analyzed for menstruation's impact on fits.
    • Comparison groups included general epilepsy patients and 476 age-matched males with monthly seizure rhythms.

    Main Results:

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    • Epilepsy was influenced by menstruation in 353 (22.4%) females.
    • Seizure exacerbation predominantly occurred during premenstrual and menstrual phases.
    • No significant difference in monthly seizure frequency was found between females and males (14% vs. 16%), questioning a direct menstrual correlation.
    • Focal non-temporal abnormalities were more common in females whose epilepsy was affected by menstruation.

    Conclusions:

    • Menstruation demonstrably influences epilepsy in a notable percentage of women, particularly with seizure worsening during the cycle.
    • The lack of significant difference in monthly seizure rhythms between sexes suggests that factors beyond menstruation may drive cyclical epilepsy patterns.
    • Focal non-temporal abnormalities characterize menstruation-influenced epilepsy in women.