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[Lewis antigen and diabetes]

C Melis, P Mercier, P Vague

    Revue Francaise De Transfusion Et Immuno-Hematologie
    |September 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Diabetics show a higher frequency of the Lewis negative red blood cell phenotype. This finding suggests a potential genetic link or inhibitory gene expression in diabetes.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunogenetics
    • Hematology
    • Endocrinology

    Background:

    • The Lewis blood group system involves antigens found on red blood cells and in secretions.
    • The Lewis negative phenotype (Le a--b--) indicates the absence of Lewis antigens.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the frequency of the Lewis negative red blood cell phenotype in diabetic individuals.
    • To explore potential associations between the Lewis phenotype and diabetes, including its clinical subtypes and insulin response.

    Main Methods:

    • Serological typing of red blood cells for Lewis antigens.
    • Analysis of saliva for Lewis antigens to confirm red blood cell phenotype findings.
    • Comparison of Lewis phenotype frequencies between diabetic patients, low insulin responders, and control groups.

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    Main Results:

    • The Lewis negative phenotype was observed significantly more frequently in diabetics (29%) and low insulin responders compared to controls (10%).
    • Results were consistent between blood cell and saliva analyses, confirming the absence of Lewis antigens.
    • The higher frequency was independent of diabetes severity, duration, or geographic origin, and not linked to ABH secretion or ABO groups.

    Conclusions:

    • The increased prevalence of the Lewis negative phenotype in diabetics suggests a potential genetic predisposition or gene interaction affecting Lewis antigen expression.
    • The findings support a possible genetic relationship between juvenile and maturity-onset diabetes.
    • Low insulin responders exhibiting this phenotype may represent a pre-diabetic or at-risk population.