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Decreased phagocytosis and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in type-1 diabetes

A Sabioncello, S Rabatic, M Kadrnka-Lovrencic

    Biomedicine / [Publiee Pour L'A.A.I.C.I.G.]
    |December 1, 1981
    PubMed

    Insights

    Children with type-1 diabetes show reduced immune cell functions, including phagocytosis and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). These functions were impaired even in well-controlled diabetes, indicating a significant impact on immune response.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Endocrinology
    • Pediatrics

    Background:

    • Type-1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease affecting glucose metabolism.
    • Immune cell functions like phagocytosis and ADCC are crucial for host defense.
    • The impact of T1D on these specific immune functions in children requires further elucidation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate and compare leucocyte-mediated phagocytosis and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in children with T1D versus healthy controls.
    • To assess how glycemic control and disease duration influence these immune functions in pediatric T1D patients.

    Main Methods:

    • Assessed phagocytosis and ADCC using opsonized 51Cr-erythrocytes in 48 children with T1D and 22 healthy children.
    • Categorized T1D patients into well-balanced and poorly balanced groups.
    • Analyzed immune function based on glycemic control and duration of diabetes.

    Main Results:

    • Both phagocytosis and ADCC were significantly decreased in children with T1D compared to controls.
    • Phagocytic capacity was reduced in both well and poorly balanced T1D groups.
    • Poorly balanced T1D patients with shorter disease duration (<5 years) showed lower phagocytic capacity than those with longer duration.
    • ADCC reduction was more pronounced in poorly balanced T1D patients than in well-balanced ones.

    Conclusions:

    • Type-1 diabetes in children is associated with impaired leucocyte phagocytosis and ADCC.
    • Glycemic control significantly impacts phagocytic function, with poorer control leading to greater impairment.
    • While ADCC is also reduced in T1D, its impairment appears more linked to glycemic control than disease duration.

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