Computed tomography, angiography and ultrasound in staging of renal carcinoma

Preoperative evaluation of the extent of the renal tumor is of value in determining the prognosis of the patient and the most suitable therapy. CT and angiography were reviewed in 27 cases of renal carcinoma to evaluate tumor involvement of lymph nodes, renal vein, vena cava, and the perinephric space. In 26 of these cases the ultrasound examination was similarly reviewed. Comparison of ultrasound, CT, and angiography demonstrated that staging of renal tumors with ultrasound is mainly limited by its inability to demonstrate extrarenal infiltration. Both CT and ultrasound proved reliable in the demonstration of tumor spread to the renal vein and inferior vena cava. CT and angiography were equally effective in the evaluation of tumor extension; since CT is easier to perform, less invasive and less time consuming than angiography it should be the primary method for staging of renal neoplasms. Angiography offers detailed information on the vascular supply of the tumor important for the choice of surgical approach and should be performed only on special indications.