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Substrate concentration changes during pregnancy in the conscious rat

M Gilbert, J P Pégorier

    Journal of Developmental Physiology
    |December 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Pregnancy alters key blood metabolite levels in rats, with lower glucose but higher lactate and non-esterified fatty acids. These metabolic shifts support the physiological demands of gestation.

    Area of Science:

    • Physiology
    • Metabolic Biochemistry
    • Reproductive Biology

    Background:

    • Pregnancy induces significant physiological adaptations to meet the metabolic demands of fetal growth.
    • Understanding maternal metabolic changes is crucial for assessing pregnancy health and outcomes.
    • Previous studies have indicated alterations in nutrient metabolism during gestation, but specific metabolite profiles require further elucidation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate changes in weight gain, food intake, and blood metabolite concentrations in pregnant versus non-pregnant rats.
    • To characterize the temporal dynamics of key metabolites throughout gestation.

    Main Methods:

    • Conscious rats (pregnant and non-pregnant) were utilized for metabolic analysis.
    • A carotid artery catheter was surgically implanted for blood sampling.

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  • Weight gain, food intake, and concentrations of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, alanine, non-esterified fatty acids, and ketone bodies were measured.

    • Main Results:

    • Surgical procedures did not significantly impact weight gain or food intake.
    • Blood glucose levels were consistently lower (1.4-fold) in pregnant rats compared to non-pregnant controls.
    • Blood lactate increased by 50% from mid-gestation to term, while pyruvate remained stable. Alanine increased by 150% from 13.5 days to term.
    • Plasma non-esterified fatty acids doubled during the latter half of pregnancy.
    • Blood ketone bodies showed no significant changes during pregnancy.

    Conclusions:

    • Pregnancy in rats is associated with distinct alterations in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
    • Elevated lactate and non-esterified fatty acids suggest increased anaerobic metabolism and fat mobilization to support fetal development.
    • These metabolic adjustments highlight the adaptive strategies employed during mammalian pregnancy.