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Chloroquine induced haemolysis and acute renal failure in subjects with G-6-PD deficiency
Tropical and Geographical Medicine
|September 1, 1978
Insights
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in male children can cause severe hemolytic anemia and kidney damage when treated with chloroquine. Prompt medical intervention ensures full recovery, highlighting the importance of screening for G6PD deficiency.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Hematology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a common genetic disorder.
- Chloroquine is an antimalarial drug with potential hemolytic side effects in susceptible individuals.
Observation:
- Three male children diagnosed with G6PD deficiency experienced intravascular hemolysis after receiving chloroquine.
- Two cases indicated chloroquine as the sole causative agent for the adverse reaction.
Findings:
- Administration of chloroquine precipitated acute renal insufficiency in children with G6PD deficiency.
- One child required peritoneal dialysis, while all patients ultimately recovered.
- The study discusses the prevalence of G6PD deficiency in India.
Implications:
- Highlights the critical need for G6PD deficiency screening prior to chloroquine administration in pediatric populations.
- Underscores the potential severity of drug-induced hemolysis and acute kidney injury in G6PD-deficient individuals.
- Informs clinical practice regarding safe antimalarial drug selection and management of G6PD deficiency.
Abstract:
Three male children with G-6-PD deficiency developed intravascular haemolysis leading to acute renal insufficiency following the administration of chloroquine. In two cases chloroquine seemed to be the only offending agent. One child required peritoneal dialysis. All patients showed complete recovery. The prevalence of this deficiency in India is discussed.