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Thyroid function following neck irradiation for malignant lymphoma

Y H Kim, J V Fayos, J C Sisson

    Radiology
    |January 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Thyroid function abnormalities, including hypothyroidism, are common after neck irradiation for lymphoma. These thyroid issues, assessed by TSH, T4, and T3-r tests, were most prevalent three years post-treatment.

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Oncology
    • Radiology

    Background:

    • Malignant lymphoma treatment often involves neck irradiation.
    • Radiation exposure can impact thyroid function.
    • Long-term monitoring of thyroid health is crucial for survivors.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess thyroid function in patients treated for malignant lymphoma with neck irradiation.
    • To identify the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction post-treatment.
    • To determine the temporal relationship between irradiation and thyroid abnormalities.

    Main Methods:

    • Thyroid function tests including T3 resin uptake (T3-r), serum thyroxine (T4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured.
    • Seventy patients previously treated for malignant lymphoma with lymphangiography and neck irradiation were included.

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  • Patients were clinically euthyroid and in remission at the time of testing.

    • Main Results:

    • Thyroid abnormalities were detected in a significant portion of patients.
    • 33% showed hypothyroidism by TSH, 20% had subnormal T4, and 30% had subnormal T3-r.
    • No patients exhibited biochemical hyperthyroidism.

    Conclusions:

    • Neck irradiation for malignant lymphoma can lead to significant thyroid dysfunction, primarily hypothyroidism.
    • The highest incidence of thyroid abnormalities occurred within three years of irradiation.
    • Thyroid function abnormalities may decrease over time, but continued monitoring is warranted.