Vesicular and ulcerative infections of the mouth and oropharynx

Many infectious diseases involve the mouth and oropharynx. Classification by age of patient, type of lesion, and local or systemic involvement provides the clinician with important diagnostic information. Differential diagnosis rests on adequate history and physical examination. Lesions with vesicular phases are usually viral; ulcerative lesions may be bacterial, viral, fungal, mycobacterial, or spirochetal. Easily performed staining techniques and cultures usually provide useful diagnostic information. Other studies, such as biopsy, serologic evaluation, and electron microscopy may occasionally be necessary.