Spontaneous renal rupture in pregnancy

Area of Science:

• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Nephrology
• Surgical Case Reports

Background:

• Spontaneous renal rupture during pregnancy is a rare but serious complication.
• Literature review identified 9 previous cases, often associated with hydronephrosis, infection, or tumors.
• Historically, renal rupture in pregnancy necessitated nephrectomy.

Observation:

• This report details a 10th case of spontaneous renal rupture in pregnancy.
• The patient's kidney was hydronephrotic, without evidence of infection or tumor.
• Previous cases involved rupture secondary to abscesses or renal hamartomas.

Findings:

• The patient's kidney was successfully salvaged using prompt nephrostomy tube placement and perirenal tissue drainage.
• This contrasts with historical approaches that favored nephrectomy.
• The kidney was preserved, demonstrating a viable alternative to removal.

Implications:

• Renal salvage should be strongly considered in cases of spontaneous renal rupture during pregnancy.
• This approach offers a less invasive option, preserving renal function.
• Highlights the importance of timely surgical intervention and conservative management in obstetric emergencies.