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Isospora suis enteritis in piglets

B P Stuart, D S Lindsay, J V Ernst

    Veterinary Pathology
    |January 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Isospora suis, a porcine coccidia, causes severe diarrhea, dehydration, weight loss, and death in piglets. Disease severity and intestinal lesions correlate directly with the inoculation dose of this coccidial species.

    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Parasitology
    • Swine Health
    • Protozoan Diseases

    Background:

    • Coccidiosis is a significant parasitic disease affecting swine, particularly young piglets.
    • Isospora suis is a recognized enteric pathogen in pigs, causing considerable economic losses in the swine industry.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To document the clinical signs, gross and microscopic lesions, and developmental stages of Isospora suis in experimentally inoculated piglets.
    • To investigate the dose-dependent relationship between Isospora suis inoculation and disease severity.

    Main Methods:

    • Piglets were experimentally inoculated with varying doses of Isospora suis oocysts.
    • Clinical signs, including diarrhea and weight changes, were monitored.
    • Necropsy was performed to assess gross intestinal lesions.

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  • Histopathological examination of the jejunum and ileum was conducted to evaluate microscopic changes and identify parasite stages.

    • Main Results:

    • Inoculation with Isospora suis resulted in diarrhea, dehydration, weight loss, and mortality in piglets.
    • Gross lesions included a fibrino-necrotic membrane in the jejunum and ileum.
    • Microscopic findings revealed villous atrophy, erosion, and adhered necrotic membranes.
    • Asexual and sexual stages of Isospora suis were identified within the intestinal epithelium, with oocysts shed in feces.

    Conclusions:

    • Isospora suis infection in piglets leads to significant clinical disease and characteristic intestinal pathology.
    • The severity of clinical manifestations and pathological changes is directly related to the dose of Isospora suis administered.
    • Understanding the dose-response relationship is crucial for managing and preventing coccidiosis in swine herds.