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Alcohol and mortality: the Honolulu Heart Study

W C Blackwelder, K Yano, G G Rhoads

    The American Journal of Medicine
    |February 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    Moderate alcohol consumption may reduce coronary heart disease mortality but increase risks for cancer and stroke deaths in Japanese men. Total mortality risk shows a U-shaped curve, with lowest risk at low intake levels.

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    Area of Science:

    • Epidemiology
    • Public Health
    • Cardiovascular Research

    Background:

    • Previous studies indicated lower coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence in Japanese men in Honolulu who consumed alcohol.
    • A dose-dependent protective effect of alcohol on CHD was observed, up to approximately 60 ml/day of ethanol.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To examine the relationship between alcohol consumption and mortality from specific causes (CHD, cancer, stroke, liver cirrhosis) in Japanese men in Honolulu.
    • To determine the overall mortality risk associated with varying levels of alcohol intake in this population.

    Main Methods:

    • Observational study analyzing mortality data in relation to self-reported alcohol consumption.
    • Categorization of participants based on alcohol intake levels, including abstainers and various consumption groups.

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  • Cause-specific mortality analysis, including coronary heart disease, cancer, stroke, and liver cirrhosis.

    • Main Results:

    • Alcohol consumption showed a reduced risk for coronary heart disease mortality, similar to incidence findings.
    • Increased risk of mortality from cancer and stroke was observed with higher alcohol consumption.
    • A U-shaped relationship was found for total mortality, with the lowest risk observed in men consuming 1-10 ml/day of ethanol.
    • Higher alcohol intake was associated with an increased risk of death from liver cirrhosis.

    Conclusions:

    • Alcohol consumption in Japanese men in Honolulu presents a complex profile of both benefits (reduced CHD mortality) and hazards (increased cancer, stroke, and liver cirrhosis mortality).
    • The net effect of alcohol on mortality is dependent on the specific cause of death being considered.
    • Even low levels of alcohol consumption (1-10 ml/day) were associated with increased risks for cancer and stroke mortality compared to abstainers.