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Factor X assays using chromogenic substrate S-2222

A Girolami, L Saggin, G Boeri

    American Journal of Clinical Pathology
    |March 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Chromogenic assays for factor X (FX) using substrate S-2222 revealed discrepancies compared to clotting methods. This suggests S-2222 is not specific for FX and highlights differences between amidolytic and clotting assays.

    Area of Science:

    • Hematology
    • Clinical Chemistry
    • Coagulation Disorders

    Background:

    • Factor X deficiency and Factor X Friuli disorder are distinct hemostatic abnormalities.
    • Accurate assessment of Factor X levels is crucial for diagnosis and management.
    • Amidolytic assays using chromogenic substrates are common but may differ from traditional clotting assays.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare Factor X levels measured by chromogenic substrate S-2222 assay versus clotting methods in patients with Factor X deficiency and Factor X Friuli disorder.
    • To evaluate the specificity of chromogenic substrate S-2222 for Factor X.
    • To investigate the activation patterns of normal and abnormal Factor X.

    Main Methods:

    • Assay of Factor X using chromogenic substrate S-2222 in plasma samples from patients.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Comparison of results with standard clotting assays utilizing tissue thromboplastins or Russell's viper venom/cephalin.
  • Analysis of Factor X activation by Russell's viper venom and tissue thromboplastins in Factor X Friuli disorder.

    • Main Results:

    • Factor X levels in severe deficiency were higher with S-2222 (2-10%) than clotting methods (<1%).
    • Factor X levels in homozygous Factor X Friuli disorder were similar with S-2222 (4-11%) and tissue thromboplastin clotting assays (7-9%).
    • Significantly higher levels (82-92%) were observed using Russell's viper venom/cephalin in Factor X Friuli patients, indicating abnormal activation.

    Conclusions:

    • Amidolytic assays using chromogenic substrate S-2222 are not always equivalent to clotting methods for Factor X assessment.
    • Substrate S-2222 demonstrates a lack of specificity for Factor X, potentially reacting with other factors or activation products.
    • Factor X Friuli disorder exhibits an abnormal Factor X that is activated by Russell's viper venom but not by tissue thromboplastins.