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Trainers' personal methods compared to two structured training strategies

R T Walls, T Zane, J E Thvedt

    American Journal of Mental Deficiency
    |March 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Comparing training methods, backward chaining with preresponse prompts minimized errors. Trainers’ personal methods varied, but structured whole method with postresponse prompts resulted in the most errors.

    Area of Science:

    • Behavioral analysis
    • Educational psychology
    • Instructional design

    Background:

    • Trainer-led instruction often relies on personal methods.
    • Systematic training procedures offer structured alternatives.
    • Understanding prompt types and task sequencing is crucial for effective training.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare trainers' natural teaching methods with structured procedures.
    • To analyze the impact of different prompting strategies and task sequencing on learning outcomes.
    • To evaluate the effectiveness of backward chaining versus the structured whole method.

    Main Methods:

    • Trainer-led instruction was recorded, noting prompts, timing, consequences, and task sequencing.
    • Trainers subsequently used either a structured whole method or backward chaining.

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  • Data collected focused on error rates and time to criterion.

    • Main Results:

    • Trainers naturally favored preresponse prompts and praise over error-correction prompts and reprimands.
    • Backward chaining with preresponse prompts yielded the fewest errors.
    • The structured whole method with postresponse prompts resulted in the highest error rates.
    • Consequences did not significantly affect the time to reach learning criteria.

    Conclusions:

    • Backward chaining is a more effective training method for reducing errors compared to the structured whole method.
    • The type of prompt (preresponse vs. postresponse) significantly impacts learning efficiency.
    • Instructional design should consider systematic procedures like backward chaining for optimal training outcomes.