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Narcotics addiction treatment: behavioral methods concurrent with methadone maintenance

G Bigelow, M Stitzer, C Lawrence

    The International Journal of the Addictions
    |April 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study compared four addiction treatment methods for methadone patients. No significant differences were found between treatments, but contingency management may reduce illicit drug use.

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    Area of Science:

    • Addiction Medicine
    • Behavioral Psychology
    • Clinical Research

    Background:

    • Methadone maintenance is a key treatment for opioid use disorder.
    • Evaluating the efficacy of different behavioral interventions is crucial for improving patient outcomes.
    • Contingency management and behavior therapy are established approaches in addiction treatment.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the effectiveness of contingency management, emotionally-based behavior therapy, a combination of both, and standard counseling for patients in methadone maintenance.
    • To assess treatment outcomes using objective measures such as employment, urinalysis, and counseling participation.

    Main Methods:

    • A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 60 methadone maintenance patients.
    • Patients were assigned to one of four treatment conditions: contingency management, emotionally-based behavior therapy, a combination, or a control group receiving counseling.

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  • Outcomes were measured by employment status, urinalysis results for illicit drug use, and counseling attendance over at least six months.

    • Main Results:

    • No statistically significant differences in treatment outcomes were observed between the four modalities.
    • Case studies indicated that contingency management might be effective in reducing illicit drug use under specific circumstances.
    • Patient retention and adherence varied, but did not significantly differentiate treatment groups.

    Conclusions:

    • Broad clinical outcome evaluations may be less productive than focused experimental studies for understanding treatment mechanisms.
    • Contingency management shows potential for reducing illicit drug use, warranting further targeted research.
    • Further investigation into the specific conditions under which contingency management is most effective is recommended.