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Monosodium urate in urinary calculi

L C Delatte, J Bellanato, M Santos

    European Urology
    |January 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Monosodium urate crystals were found in 1.66% of kidney stones. High urine sodium and uric acid may indicate its presence in radiolucent stones.

    Area of Science:

    • Nephrology
    • Urology
    • Crystallography

    Background:

    • Kidney stones (calculi) are a significant health issue.
    • Understanding the composition of calculi is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.
    • Monosodium urate is a potential, though less common, component of kidney stones.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To report the incidence of monosodium urate in a large cohort of kidney stones.
    • To characterize the crystallographic and morphologic features of monosodium urate in calculi.
    • To identify clinical and urine parameters associated with monosodium urate calculi.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of 3,000 kidney calculi for composition.
    • Infrared spectroscopy for identification of monosodium urate.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Microscopic examination of thin sections for crystal morphology.
  • Correlation of stone composition with urine analysis (uric acid, sodium).

    • Main Results:

    • Monosodium urate was detected in 50 cases (1.66%) of 3,000 calculi.
    • Morphologically, monosodium urate appeared as fan-shaped or feather-like crystals.
    • Whewellite was the predominant co-existing substance in mixed calculi.
    • The solubility of monosodium urate in urine is influenced by sodium concentration, not solely aqueous solubility.

    Conclusions:

    • Monosodium urate is a rare but identifiable component of kidney stones.
    • Radiolucent stones with neutral to alkaline pH and elevated urinary uric acid and sodium warrant suspicion for monosodium urate.
    • Further investigation into the formation mechanisms of monosodium urate calculi is needed.