Urinary stress incontinence

Urinary stress incontinence is overwhelmingly a disorder of women, usually in middle life, who have borne children vaginally. Nonoperative treatment, which may be used if more time is needed to evaluate the patient, may include antibiotic or estrogen therapy. Kegel exercises, or timed voiding and Credé maneuver. For those who undergo operative treatment, the retropubic urethrovesical neck suspension operation popularized by Marshall, Marchetti, and Krantz offers the best hope of success.