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Measles in rural Ohio county

W A Orenstein, J Irvin, M R Jennings

    American Journal of Epidemiology
    |June 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    A measles outbreak in Ohio spread rapidly through schools, with most cases transmitted within schools or via siblings. A vaccination program targeting schoolchildren was effective in controlling the epidemic.

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    Area of Science:

    • Epidemiology
    • Public Health
    • Infectious Disease Control

    Background:

    • Measles outbreaks pose significant public health challenges, particularly in school settings.
    • Understanding transmission patterns is crucial for effective control strategies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe the epidemiology of a measles outbreak in Defiance County, Ohio.
    • To evaluate the effectiveness of a school-based vaccination program in controlling the outbreak.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective analysis of reported measles cases from December 1975 to March 1976.
    • Investigation of likely sources of illness and transmission routes (intraschool, sibling contact).
    • Assessment of a targeted vaccination campaign conducted in February 1976.

    Main Results:

    • 169 measles cases were reported, spreading to 19 of 28 schools with a mean attack rate of 2.0%.
    • Intraschool transmission (57%) and sibling contact (14%) were the primary modes of spread.
    • The vaccination program reached 46.3% of schoolchildren, and subsequent cases were often in unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated individuals.

    Conclusions:

    • Measles transmission patterns in rural settings can be complex and rapid.
    • School-based vaccination campaigns are effective in curtailing measles outbreaks when a significant proportion of the population is vaccinated.

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