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Screening for diabetes during pregnancy

M D Gillmer, N W Oakley, R W Beard

    British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
    |May 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
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    A one-hour glucose challenge test identified 1.5% of pregnant women with chemical diabetes. Further oral glucose tolerance tests confirmed these diagnoses in the study population.

    Area of Science:

    • Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • Endocrinology
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a significant complication of pregnancy.
    • Early detection and management of GDM are crucial for maternal and fetal well-being.
    • Screening protocols aim to identify at-risk pregnancies efficiently.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the effectiveness of a one-hour plasma glucose screening test for detecting chemical diabetes in pregnant women.
    • To determine the prevalence of chemical diabetes in women attending an antenatal clinic.

    Main Methods:

    • A cohort of 948 pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic underwent a 50g oral glucose challenge test (GCT).
    • Plasma glucose levels were measured one hour post-ingestion.

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  • Women with abnormal GCT results (≥ 7.7 mmol/l) proceeded to a formal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

    • Main Results:

    • 74 women (7.8%) had abnormal GCT results.
    • Of these, 68 underwent OGTT, confirming chemical diabetes in 14 women.
    • The prevalence of chemical diabetes was 1.5% in the overall study population.

    Conclusions:

    • The one-hour oral glucose challenge test is a viable screening tool for identifying chemical diabetes in pregnancy.
    • A 1.5% prevalence highlights the importance of GDM screening in antenatal care.
    • Further investigation confirmed chemical diabetes in a small but significant percentage of screened pregnant women.