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Changes in maternal peripheral leucocytes around delivery

J F Griffin, I Beck

    British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
    |May 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Maternal immune responses shift during childbirth. Blood samples collected before delivery are best for assessing maternal immunocompetence and maternofetal reactions due to significant changes in immune cell function around delivery.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Obstetrics
    • Cellular Biology

    Background:

    • Pregnancy significantly alters maternal immune function.
    • Understanding immune system changes during childbirth is crucial for maternal and fetal health.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate serial changes in maternal leucocyte populations and lymphocyte responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) before, during, and after delivery.
    • To assess the suppressive capacity of maternal plasma on non-pregnant lymphocytes at different stages of delivery.

    Main Methods:

    • Serial blood sampling from 12 pregnant women.
    • Measurement of leucocyte and neutrophil counts.
    • Assay of lymphocyte transformation rates with PHA.
    • Evaluation of plasma suppressor factor activity on non-pregnant lymphocytes.

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    Main Results:

    • Leucocyte and neutrophil counts significantly increased at delivery and 24 hours postpartum.
    • Lymphocyte counts showed a non-significant increase.
    • Lymphocyte transformation rates were significantly higher before delivery and 24 hours postpartum compared to delivery or 2 hours postpartum.
    • Maternal plasma was significantly more suppressive to non-pregnant lymphocytes at delivery and 2 hours postpartum.

    Conclusions:

    • Maternal immune status undergoes significant dynamic changes around the time of delivery.
    • The optimal time for collecting maternal blood for immunological assays, such as immunocompetence or maternofetal mixed leucocyte reactions, is before delivery.
    • Plasma immunosuppression is heightened during the immediate intrapartum period.