[Calibration of the urethra and video-cystomanometry. Indication and technic]

Recurrent urinary tract infections, vesicoureteral reflux and enuresis in children want a detailed urologic evalution which often makes - in addition to obvious urinealysis, urine culture, excretory urography and voiding cystourethrography-extended diagnostics necessary including an urethral calibration to definitely exclude a distal urethral stenosis, and a cystoscopy under general anesthesia in order to reveal abnormalities of shape and placement of the ureteral orifice (e.g. lateral placement, "stadium", "horseshoe" or "golf-hole" shape). Then micturition urodynamic flow studies using a suprapubic cystocath are done to recognize an infravesical obstruction, a sphincter dyssynergia, an unstable bladder, an uninhibited bladder or a neurogenic bladder. All these examinations are imperative concerning the decision on either conservative (medical) or surgical treatment or both.