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[Epidemiology of meningococcal meningitis in Austria]
Abstract:
In Austria the report of epidemic meningitis is obligatory. Similar to other countries most of the observed strains of meningococci belong to the serogroups A, B and C. The morbidity is decreasing at present, the last peak occurred in the years 1966 to 1971. While several epidemics occurred in other parts of the world during the last years, only 1.2 cases in 100,000 persons were registered in Austria at that time, indicating an epidemiologic wave trough. During the observation period of 20 years the case fatality rate remained relatively constant at 8.6%. In comparison with other infectious diseases the percentage of deaths due to meningococcal infections has increased considerably during the last years. At present about half the deaths in children by infectious diseases are due to meningococci. Mortality and case fatality are very high in childhood and in persons over 50 years. Inversely the mean bactericidal antibody titer against group A and C meningococci is low in these age groups. Indications for meningococcal vaccination in the present situation are discussed.
Insights
Epidemic meningitis cases are decreasing in Austria, but meningococcal infections cause a high fatality rate, especially in children and older adults. Low antibody titers in these groups suggest potential benefits from vaccination.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Immunology
Context:
- Meningococcal meningitis is a reportable disease in Austria.
- Serogroups A, B, and C are the most common meningococcal strains observed.
- Current Austrian morbidity is at a low point, following a peak from 1966-1971.
Purpose:
- To analyze the current epidemiological situation of epidemic meningitis in Austria.
- To assess the case fatality rate and mortality trends of meningococcal infections.
- To evaluate the potential role of vaccination in the current context.
Summary:
- Meningococcal meningitis incidence in Austria is currently low (1.2 cases/100,000), representing a wave trough.
- The case fatality rate has remained stable at 8.6% over 20 years.
- Meningococcal infections account for a significant proportion of infectious disease deaths in children and show high mortality in those under 50 and over 50, correlating with low antibody titers.
Impact:
- Despite low incidence, meningococcal infections represent a significant cause of mortality, particularly in vulnerable age groups.
- The study highlights a concerning trend of increased relative mortality from meningococcal disease compared to other infectious diseases.
- Findings support the discussion of meningococcal vaccination strategies for specific age demographics in Austria.