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Related Experiment Videos

Concentration of urine in the absence of ADH with minimal or no decrease in GFR

B R Edwards, M Gellai, H Valtin

    The American Journal of Physiology
    |July 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    Even small decreases in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can significantly increase urine osmolality in diabetes insipidus rats lacking antidiuretic hormone (ADH). This suggests GFR changes are not always required for concentrated urine production without ADH.

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    Area of Science:

    • Nephrology
    • Endocrinology
    • Physiology

    Background:

    • Large reductions in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) are known to cause hyperosmotic urine.
    • The role of minor GFR changes in urine concentration, especially without antidiuretic hormone (ADH), is less understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate if a minor decrease in GFR can lead to hyperosmotic urine in the absence of ADH.
    • To determine the relationship between GFR, filtration fraction, and urinary osmolality under these conditions.

    Main Methods:

    • Studied conscious rats with diabetes insipidus (lacking ADH).
    • Induced a partial aortic constriction to cause a minor decrease in GFR.
    • Measured GFR and urinary osmolality (Uosmol) before and after constriction.

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    Main Results:

    • An 8% decrease in GFR was observed (P < 0.02).
    • Urinary osmolality significantly increased (P < 0.001), with peak values reaching 350 +/- 22 mosmol/kg H2O.
    • Increased Uosmol occurred even with no measurable GFR decrease, and no systematic relationship was found between GFR, filtration fraction, and Uosmol.

    Conclusions:

    • Hyperosmotic urine can form in the absence of ADH with minimal or no change in GFR.
    • Filtration fraction changes do not consistently explain increased Uosmol when GFR is unchanged.