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Human upper esophageal sphincter pressure profile

D Gerhardt, J Hewett, M Moeschberger

The American Journal of Physiology

|July 1, 1980

Summary

This study mapped upper esophageal sphincter pressure, finding peak pressure posteriorly and increased pressure with acid/saline infusion. These pressure profiles offer insights into esophageal function.

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Area of Science:

Gastroenterology
Physiology

Background:

The upper esophageal sphincter (UES) plays a critical role in preventing regurgitation and aspiration.
Understanding the UES pressure profile is essential for diagnosing and managing various swallowing disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize the directional and axial pressure profile of the UES in normal subjects.
To investigate the effects of esophageal infusions on UES pressure and length.

Main Methods:

High-fidelity, low-compliance recording system used to measure intraluminal pressures at 0.5-cm intervals over a 6-cm UES segment.
Directionally oriented pressure recordings and station pull-through techniques were employed.
Isotonic saline and acid infusions were administered into the distal esophagus.

Main Results:

Peak resting UES pressure was directed posteriorly, with lowest pressures laterally.
Significant axial asymmetry was noted, with posterior peak pressure more distal than anterior.
Esophageal acid and saline infusions increased UES peak resting pressure, with acid having a greater effect than saline.
Axial lengthening of the UES pressure zone occurred with infusions, though not always significantly.

Conclusions:

The UES exhibits significant directional and axial asymmetry in its pressure profile.
Esophageal stimuli, particularly acid, can modulate UES pressure and length.
The findings provide detailed insights into normal UES physiology and its response to esophageal challenges.

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