Classical conditioning of kindled seizures

As a model of reflex epilepsy, rats were classically conditioned to show paroxysmal spike activity to an auditory stimulus. A tone stimulus was paired with seizures induced by kindling. After repeated pairings, paroxysmal discharges were elicited at tone onset. The duration of the tone, proximity to the stimulation, and the number of pairings appeared to be important in the conditioning process.