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An n locus multiallele model for gene substitution

D O Koehler, B L Whitten, T G Gregg

    Genetics
    |March 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study presents a new evolutionary model accounting for extensive genetic variation and rapid adaptation. The findings suggest evolutionary change involves shifting allele arrays rather than just gene substitution, significantly reducing required generations.

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    Area of Science:

    • Evolutionary biology
    • Population genetics

    Background:

    • Classical evolutionary theory posits slow gene substitution, conflicting with observed rapid, coordinated genetic changes for complex adaptations.
    • Electrophoretic studies reveal substantial genetic variability, challenging traditional models.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a novel population genetics model accommodating numerous loci and alleles.
    • To re-evaluate the timescale of evolutionary change in light of extensive genetic variation and potential for rapid adaptation.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a model for gene substitution at 'n' loci with multiple alleles per locus.
    • Incorporated variable fitness (0 to offspring number) and frequency-dependent fitness.
    • Simulated changes in gene frequency and allele arrays across 100 and 1000 loci.

    Main Results:

    • Model calculations show significantly fewer generations for gene frequency change (e.g., 5,333 to 22,899 for 100 loci) compared to previous estimates (Haldane, 300,000 generations).
    • Frequency-dependent fitness and inbreeding further reduce the number of generations required.
    • Shifting entire allele arrays at multiple loci is shown to be achievable within thousands of generations.

    Conclusions:

    • Evolutionary change may involve rapid shifts between allele arrays, not just single gene substitutions.
    • The developed model reconciles the pace of evolution with observed genetic diversity.
    • Continuous selection favoring heterozygotes can facilitate array substitution.

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