Cervical approaches to the surgery of cervicothoracic neoplasia

Seven cases are presented to illustrate four cervical surgical approaches to the upper mediastinum and thorax. These surgical approaches are described and illustrated, and we have termed these the retrosternal, retroclavicular, posterior, and lateral approaches. Two cases of thymic cyst, one of recurrent metastatic pretracheal adenopathy, a case of tracheal stenosis, a foreign body of the left subclavian artery, a large Zenker's diverticulum, and a neoglottic reconstruction are presented to illustrate the surgical anatomy, dissection technique, and postoperative complications.