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Herpes simplex polyganglionitis

K K Adour, R L Hilsinger, F M Byl

    Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery
    |May 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Herpes simplex virus (HSV) may cause cranial nerve dysfunction, leading to conditions like Bell's palsy. This study found temporary nerve issues in patients with herpes labialis, suggesting viral polyganglionitis.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Virology
    • Otolaryngology

    Background:

    • Cranial nerve syndromes, including Bell's palsy and Meniere's disease, are increasingly linked to neurotropic herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections.
    • Acute HSV infections can present with asymptomatic cranial nerve dysfunction or mucocutaneous vesicles.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate cranial nerve dysfunction in patients with herpes labialis, a common manifestation of HSV.
    • To determine if HSV infection is associated with acute, transitory cranial nerve dysfunction.

    Main Methods:

    • Five subjects with active herpes labialis underwent neurological examinations.
    • Testing included sensory examinations for trigeminal, glossopharyngeal, and cervical nerves, vestibular function tests (nystagmus, caloric response), and assessment of palatal and cricothyroid muscle function.

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  • Electromyography and nerve latency tests were performed.

    • Main Results:

    • Four subjects exhibited trigeminal nerve hypesthesia, and four had glossopharyngeal nerve hypesthesia.
    • Vestibular dysfunction, including nystagmus and decreased caloric response, was observed in three subjects.
    • Unilateral palatal or cricothyroid muscle weakness occurred in three subjects, and two showed increased facial nerve latency.

    Conclusions:

    • The findings suggest that herpes simplex virus (HSV) can cause acute, transitory cranial nerve dysfunction.
    • These symptoms may indicate a diagnosis of viral polyganglionitis in patients presenting with neurological deficits and mucocutaneous vesicles.