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Hemolytic complement activity in broiler chickens and turkeys

J K Skeeles, R G Stewart, J Brown

    Poultry Science
    |June 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Complement (C) activity in broiler chickens and turkeys increases with age. While sexes showed no significant differences in C titers, turkey hens had higher titers than toms at 42 days.

    Area of Science:

    • Poultry immunology
    • Complement system
    • Avian health

    Background:

    • The complement system is crucial for innate immunity in birds.
    • Understanding complement activity in poultry is vital for disease resistance and flock health.
    • Hemolytic complement (C) activity serves as a key indicator of immune function.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantify the development of hemolytic complement (C) activity in broiler chickens and turkeys from one day to 42 days of age.
    • To investigate potential sex-based differences in complement activity during early growth stages.

    Main Methods:

    • Hemolytic complement (C) activity was measured in broiler chickens and turkeys at regular intervals (7 or 14 days) from day 1 to day 42.
    • Birds were grouped by sex to allow for comparative analysis of C titers.

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  • Standard serological assays were employed to determine mean C titers.

    • Main Results:

    • Complement (C) titers progressively increased with age in both broiler chickens and turkeys.
    • Mean C titers in chickens at days 1, 14, 28, and 42 were 1:14, 1:14, 1:22, and 1:33, respectively.
    • Mean C titers in turkeys at days 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 42 were 1:4, 1:6, 1:9, 1:10, 1:19, and 1:25, respectively.
    • No significant sex-based differences in C titers were observed in chickens. In turkeys, hens exhibited significantly higher C titers than toms at 42 days of age.

    Conclusions:

    • Complement (C) activity demonstrates a clear age-dependent increase in broiler chickens and turkeys.
    • Sex does not significantly impact complement activity in broiler chickens, but a divergence is noted in turkeys nearing market age.
    • These findings contribute to understanding the maturation of the avian immune system and its implications for poultry health management.