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Related Experiment Videos

Lithium toxicity in cattle

J H Johnson, H R Crookshank, H E Smalley

    Veterinary and Human Toxicology
    |August 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    Lithium grease ingestion caused cattle deaths. High doses of lithium salt (500-700 mg/kg) led to severe intoxication, organ damage, and fatalities in beef cattle.

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Toxicology
    • Environmental Contamination
    • Animal Health

    Background:

    • Discarded industrial materials can pose risks to livestock.
    • Lithium compounds are used in various industrial applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the toxicity of lithium grease in beef cattle.
    • To determine the dose-related effects and toxicological profile of lithium ingestion.

    Main Methods:

    • Oral administration of lithium salt to four experimental groups of cattle at varying doses (0, 20, 500, 700 mg/kg).
    • Clinical observation for signs of intoxication, serum lithium level analysis, and postmortem histopathological examination.

    Main Results:

    • Doses of 500 and 700 mg/kg lithium salt were toxic and fatal, causing symptoms like salivation, depression, anorexia, and diarrhea.
    • Histopathology revealed dose-related gastroenteritis, nephritis, and hepatic cirrhosis.
    • Tissue analysis showed significant lithium deposition in muscle, heart, liver, kidney, and brain.

    Conclusions:

    • Lithium grease is toxic to cattle, with higher doses causing severe clinical signs and pathological changes.
    • The low serum lithium levels in cattle that consumed actual grease suggest co-contaminants may have contributed to or exacerbated toxicity.

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