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Cutaneous leishmaniasis associated with jungle training

E T Takafuji, L D Hendricks, J L Daubek

    The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
    |July 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    Ten soldiers contracted cutaneous leishmaniasis during jungle warfare training in Panama. Serological tests like the indirect fluorescent antibody test were found ineffective for early diagnosis of this parasitic skin disease.

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    Area of Science:

    • Medical Entomology
    • Tropical Medicine
    • Infectious Diseases

    Background:

    • Jungle warfare training presents unique health risks to military personnel.
    • Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease transmitted by sandflies, prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions.
    • Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing leishmaniasis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To establish a medical surveillance program for soldiers undergoing jungle warfare training.
    • To diagnose and characterize cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a military cohort.
    • To evaluate the efficacy of serological diagnostic methods for early-stage cutaneous leishmaniasis.

    Main Methods:

    • A 6-month medical surveillance program was implemented for 627 soldiers.

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  • The program included pre- and post-training dermatologic examinations, questionnaires, and serologic tests.
  • Leishmania culture was used as the gold standard for diagnosing cutaneous leishmaniasis.

    • Main Results:

    • Ten cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis were diagnosed via positive Leishmania culture, representing an incidence of 1.6 per 100 men.
    • Indirect fluorescent antibody and direct agglutination tests showed low sensitivity and specificity.
    • Serological methods proved unreliable for early-stage cutaneous leishmaniasis screening.

    Conclusions:

    • Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a significant risk during jungle warfare training in endemic areas.
    • Current serological tests are inadequate for the early diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in this setting.
    • Further research is needed to develop reliable diagnostic tools for early detection and management.