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Cadmium, copper, and zinc in rice produced in Java
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
|January 1, 1980
Summary
Indonesian rice contains concerning levels of cadmium (Cd), potentially exceeding safe daily intake limits for consumers. This baseline study highlights potential health risks, particularly chronic renal damage, from regular rice consumption.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Food Safety
- Trace Metal Analysis
Background:
- Rice is a staple food in Indonesia, with significant consumption rates.
- Trace metal contamination in food crops is a growing public health concern.
- Understanding heavy metal levels in rice is crucial for dietary risk assessment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), and Zinc (Zn) levels in Indonesian rice.
- To assess the potential health risks associated with trace metal intake from rice consumption.
- To investigate the influence of rice processing and soil type on metal content.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of 116 polished and unpolished rice samples from Java, Indonesia.
- Quantification of Cd, Cu, and Zn using established analytical techniques.
- Calculation of daily intake and comparison with established tolerable limits (e.g., FAO/WHO).
Main Results:
- Mean concentrations: 0.040 ppm Cd, 2.93 ppm Cu, 18.17 ppm Zn.
- Highest Cd levels detected were 0.27 and 0.34 ppm.
- Estimated daily Cd intake from rice exceeds tolerable limits, posing a risk of renal damage.
Conclusions:
- Indonesian rice consumption may lead to excessive cadmium intake.
- Potential for slight chronic renal damage among regular rice consumers.
- Soil type (Ultisol vs. Vertisol) showed some correlation with metal content, with West Java samples higher in Cd and Zn.